Is Your Baby Ready?

Switching from breastfeeding to pepper or solid food is a big event for both you and your baby. Starting solid foods is not only a nutritional event, but also an exciting introduction to the new world tastes of your baby, like chewing and eating.

PEPPER SUPPLY

If you cannot breastfeed your baby, your doctor can help you to choose a baby food. Follow the label preparation guide or your doctor's instructions.

Problems may occur during or after preparing the formula. Milk for cows or small ruminants is not suitable for newborns. Because they can't digest properly.

Always feed the baby tightly while feeding with a bottle so that your body feels the loving warmth. Do not leave the baby bottle while supporting your baby while breastfeeding or do not let your baby sleep while you are in the bottle.

The formula of the formula depends on the size and growth rate and is different for each baby. Your doctor may advise you, but as a general rule, babies need 24 ounces per hour and 150 ml per kilogram. Most babies eat 5 or 6 times a day. As with breast feeding, mothers have to create a soft model with their babies. Bottle feeding also includes the same difficulties for parents.

Remember!

• Good health information and sterile baby bottles are vital to protect your baby from germs. There is no need to invest in a bottle of sterilization material or unnecessary tools.

• When washing the inside and outside of the bottles with warm detergent and water, always keep your hands clean.

• Simply rinse in running water and rub the outer surfaces of the teat together. After rinsing, bottles, plaques and teats can be washed with a specially prepared antibacterial solution. First, a little of the solution should be filtered through the pacifier. Follow the instructions on the packaging.

• Use the plastic cap with a teat to firmly secure the bottle. This will ensure that the solution is in full contact with the bottle and will not accumulate around the top.

• Other methods used to sterilize bottles are boiling and steaming. Contact your doctor for details.

• Your baby usually throws the remaining milk at the end of 15-30 minutes and throws the bottle on one side.

• Your baby may not always be able to finish all the amount in the bottle. Babies need different amounts at different times.

• Microwaves are not recommended for heating because they can cause hot spots in the baby that may cause the baby to boil.

• Always test the temperature of the bottle by dropping one or two drops into the inside of your wrist

Advice to mothers and general principles for starting supplementary foods:

For babies fed only with breast milk, additional food is started after 6 months. If the baby is gaining sufficient weight between 4-6 months, continue to feed only with breast milk and start additional foods after 6 months.

Please note that the additionalfoods   you provide to your child during this period are complementary to the breast milk.

In the transition to supplemental food, infants can push food with their tongue, especially when solid foods are being given. This movement of babies involuntarily resolves after 6-7 months. Do not worry if your baby did not like additional food.

The nutritional status of children is evaluated with the best weight gain. To this end, take your child to regular health checks.

Additional foods

Nutrients are high nutrients that make children adapt to different tastes and consistency and give easy eating habit for older ages. Additional foods to be provided during this period include foods such as fruit puree, vegetable puree, custard, yogurt, cheese, jam biscuits, bread, eggs,

• Additional nutrients are given in small amounts with a spoon or glass, and then they are made into meals.

• Give your new food before the child is hungry.

• Do not start all additional foods in the same week. Add new foods to your child's nutrition program at least once a week.

• Make sure that new foods are allergic. Check that the symptoms have not passed when the suspected food is not given to the child.

• Never give your baby a sugar or a rag dipped in a jam.

• Try to give important food that your child does not like from time to time in 2-3 weeks intervals.

• Make sure that all the food you give your baby is clean and freshly cooked.

Attention ! ! !

* Give your baby boiled water until the end of the 18th month.

* Do not give your baby cow milk until the age of 5 years (milk milk, milk, so-called pasteurized milk, do not forget that the milk is cow)

Here are some tips for getting solid foods:

Is Your Baby Ready?

Most doctors agree that your baby should start with at least 4, 6 months of age and when he is able to keep his head upright, before you give solid food.

Brass is a good choice

Iron-reinforced rice porridge is a good choice for your baby to start solid foods. Reinforcement of rice with iron is done for the following reasons:

• Easily digested.

• Provides the baby's needs

• It can be adjusted immediately with breast milk or baby food.

• It is less likely to cause an allergic reaction when compared to other cereals.

Other porridge you can try are oats and barley. After you try a single kind of cereals, you can add mixed porridge to your baby.

Starting solid food

Consult with your doctor before starting solid foods, but slowly start your baby up when you decide on the start time. Have your baby comfortable with you on the table a few days before giving off solid food. Keep it in your lap, place it in a baby chair swinging near you, or sit on a high chair. This will tell your baby that dinner time is special.

source: https://www.kidschildrenshealth.com/6-months-baby-food-chart-and-recipes/ 

BABY LEATHER CARE

No matter how much care you care for your child, your baby will eventually experience diaper rash or similar skin problems without the age of three months. Don't panic - some of them will pass by, some will need some help. If your diaper does not pass within 7 days, you should consult your doctor.

Cookies (Ammonia Dermatitis)

At any one time, one of three babies is stabbed. Ammonia is the most common form of dermatitis. Raised and fried in the area of ​​diapers, the rash is caused by bacteria in your baby's faeces and natural ammonia in the urine.

The other causes of bruising are:

• Precision leather

• Use of hard soap to remove natural protective oils

• Plastic frosts that are left on the diapers for a long time facilitate the development of the bacteria by creating a warm and humid environment

• Inadequate rinsing of detergents and solutions absorbed by diapers

• Friction - friction of the skin of the baby care skin to the delicate baby skin of the diaper or of the chubby babies.

The ways of treatment and prevention against the meal are:

• Keep your baby as dry as possible, change diaper as needed.

• If possible, leave the diaper open and allow the skin to dry out.

• Use oils and oils containing zinc oxide.

• Wear diapers with borders for added protection.

• Reduce friction and prevent wear using cornstarch powder.

Incisive wounds (Candida Albicans)

If your baby takes a few days, a fungal or bacterial infection may occur and require a more serious treatment. The most common fungal infection is a rickety wound (Candida Albicans).

Seventy percent of the infants who have rashes catch Candida from the intestines. Although it develops unnoticed, it sometimes occurs in the form of white circular flake lesions, or rather dark red, with red textured tips. In addition to the above treatment and prevention measures, you should use a lotion or cream against the fungus recommended by your doctor.

Other common skin symptoms

Miliaria (Prickly Heat)

Prickly heat, consisting of dots such as a neat red pin head, which can turn into yellow acne heads, is caused by congestion in the baby's sweat channels. These points appear to be inflamed, but they are not only a result of the development of the baby's skin holes. No treatment required.

Seborrhoeic Dermatitis

This is caused by overactive sebaceous body glands. The skin is red and flaky. Sometimes, especially in skin combinations, eyebrows, scalp and ears may form a crust. It may look terrible, but make sure it's just a cosmetic problem and it goes on until it's three or four months old.

Atopic Dermatitis

It starts on the cheeks, can develop at any time after six weeks. Causes dry, red and scaly skin. Your doctor will recommend a suitable treatment.

Cheek Rashes

Red or dry cheek rashes are more common in babies with eczema as a result of continuous contact with moisture such as saliva. Try to keep your baby's skin dry, clean with a mild cleanser and apply a lotion or cream to provide softness and moisture.

Milia (acne)

This is due to the overwork of the sebaceous gland of the milia, which appears in dots, such as a white pin head. It usually occurs in almost all neonates, especially in the bridge of the nose, and sometimes in the jaw and neck. It does not require treatment because it is recovered within 4-6 weeks from birth.

Dry leather

Although it is usually racial, sometimes the baby's skin in relation to eczema may be coarse, dry and scaly. Desiccant soaps should be avoided. Even the use of baby soaps with a pH value of 5.5 can correct the pain. Use baby oil and lotions after bathing to leave the skin soft.

Mansion

It is a variant of Seborrhoeic Dermatitis that forms a shell on your child's scalp. It is annoying but absolutely harmless. It can be useful to use a baby shampoo with a pH value of 5.5 and adjust the olive oil-carbonate mixture. Consult your doctor for details.

Massage with a warm baby oil to remove the overlying shell and release it for several hours or nights. Then scan your baby's hair backwards to clean the shell and then shampoo. Repeat as necessary.

Strawberry Stains

These red raised swellings, usually not present at birth, may develop at the end of the first few weeks. These are the growth of large blood vessels in the skin. These begin to disappear until the first birthday of your baby and completely disappear until the age of 10 years. Although most strawberry stains are self-destructing, large, fast-growing stains on the eyes, nose and mouths may require doctor intervention.

Stork bites

These small red spots on the back of the neck, the forehead and the neck are the projections of the capillaries in the skin. They disappear within a year or around.

Mongol Stains

These blue-black spots on most of the babies are located on the lower side of the back and on the buttocks. They are frequently mixed with bruises, but only as a result of pigment deposition under the skin. These are not harmful and usually disappear at the end of the first year. There is no interest between the name and the mongol boy, only the name is similarity

Skin care in summer

Remember the hot weather!

• Never leave your baby alone, especially in the car.

• On very hot days, home is the best environment for toddlers.

• Do not over-dress your baby in hot weather to avoid hot cups. An athlete (if you are not in direct sunshine) and diapers are the clothes you need.

• Avoid synthetic fabrics and breathable plastic frosts.

• The cooling baths that are frequently taken can relieve your baby. Never leave your baby in the bath or water pool alone.

• Children's trolleys and strollers with borders may be airless so it may be necessary to open the edges to allow air circulation.

Turn off to enjoy the sun

Your baby's skin is particularly sensitive and when you go outside you should have a protector to protect from the angry sun. A loose cotton garment next to a wide-framed hat can be recommended.

There will be times when your baby will need sunscreen, but the sun protectors are very strong for gentle and absorbent skins of babies.

Early in the morning and in the evening when the sun is not very effective in the sun can be reached with the baby. It is best to keep your baby in the shade or under an umbrella, but babies can still be exposed to the reflected sun.

While the temperature is at the highest level

If you see one or more symptoms of dehydration in your baby, and especially if your baby has a high fever, seek immediate medical attention:

• Abnormal insomnia or excessive sleepiness

• Not eating and drinking

• Grumpiness or crying

• If the skin is warm and dry

• Dry mouth

• If the body temperature approaches 40 degrees

• Vomiting or diarrhea

source: https://www.kidschildrenshealth.com/newborn-baby-care-tips/

Information on Breastfeeding

As a mother, there is nothing as natural as you want to make the best decisions for your new baby. That's why breastfeeding is a natural choice for many women. During the first 6 months, your breastmilk meets all the food your baby needs for nutrition. If breastfeeding is not possible or if you do not prefer breastfeeding, your doctor will tell you what to do. Although babies are born with the need to suck, it will take some time for you to get used to breastfeeding and there may be some minor problems. Just remember, the time taken to create a comfortable breastfeeding   relationship with your baby is a learning process for both your baby and you.

Characteristics of breast milk

• Infants fed with breast milk during the first 6 months are less susceptible to infectious diseases such as diarrhea, pneumonia and allergic diseases and grow healthier. Reduces the risk of bedbugs death and Sudden Infant Death Risk Syndrome. Breast milk increases resistance to infections. It prevents ear infections, stomach discomfort, but also increases eyesight. It provides the development of speech and jaw structure as well as high IQ potential. In the first 6 months, breastfeeding is effective in preventing diseases such as diabetes and heart diseases. Even recent studies have shown that cancer, rheumatism and some autoimmune diseases can be effective even in reducing the likelihood of development.

• Breastfeeding that is released in the first days after birth is very nutritious, so make sure that your baby is frequently breastfed (one to two hours apart or crying).

• At the beginning, your milk will be a yellowish liquid called sı colostrum •. This liquid is rich in vitamins and minerals and contains antibodies that will protect your baby's immune system against microbes and disease. After a few days your milk will turn into the usual white color. Nevertheless, breast milk in white color area does not appear as white as cow's milk. The color of your breast milk may vary from breastfeeding to breastfeeding. Sometimes it may be in the appearance of water, but it contains nutrients. As your baby grows, the composition of your breast milk will also change according to its changing needs.

• There are all vitamins in breast milk, not enough vitamin D only. Breastfeeding babies 2-4. Starting from the week, your doctor will give your vitamin D containing a drip or syrup regularly use.

How does breast milk protect your baby from diseases?

Breast milk is something different than food. Actually it is a complex and alive component like blood. It contains an active microbe enemy and health-friendly substances that can be listed in a long list. They help babies in their struggles against common or rare diseases.

Colostrum, the milk produced by mothers in the first days after birth (especially rich in IgA), provides the necessary support for the new baby in the first days of the outer world where the new baby needs to be protected from foreign matter entering the microbes and body. Colostrum also contains a large amount of white blood cells and components that fight disease. Colostrum is your baby's first important immune weapon.

Immunity occurs according to conditions. Every mother provides the appropriate milk to protect her newborn. When a baby encounters a new germ, the mother's body produces antibodies against that microbe. These antibodies appear in the breast milk and pass through this way to the baby.

Best for your baby  Best for you

In addition to providing her with the best possible beginning in life and creating a unique bond of love for her baby, breast milk provides mothers the following advantages:

• Provides breastfeeding during pregnancy.

• Helps your uterus return to normal after the birth of the baby. The hormone oxytocin, which is released from the brain, allows the uterus to shrink and regenerate.

• Research shows that the risk of developing heart failure is reduced with bone resorption and breastfeeding. It is even known to reduce the risks of uterine and breast cancer.

How should I breastfeed?

Keep your baby on the side he loves, try to keep him wrapped throughout your body. Support with your arm on the same side while breastfeeding. Your baby should be lying uc with your breasts, your chin is on your chest anız and your mouth should be flush with your breast and your nipple. A pillow on your lap can be useful. Wrap the underside of your baby into your body. When breastfeeding, your baby's face, shoulders and body facing the breast, should be at the nipple level. Sit in a comfortable position yourself. Make sure the baby not only grasps the nipple but also the dark part around the nipple. In this way, both the baby absorbs well and your nipple does not hurt

• Point your baby towards your chest with your free hand. Touch your lower lip with your nipple and wait for your baby to open your mouth wide.

• Bring your baby to your chest quickly as soon as the mouth is wide open, so make sure that your baby receives a large portion of the nipple and the surrounding dark portion.

• When your baby is sucking, you will notice that her mouth is wide open, and that both lips open to the outside or close to your chest.

• Your baby will stop when you are satisfied and leave your chest. If you want your baby to leave your chest, place your little finger on the edge of your mouth to stop your baby from sucking. Or squeeze your nose slightly.

The most important factor that increases the milk production in your breasts is to suckle your baby with frequent intervals and with the appropriate technique as mentioned above. Breastfeeding mothers should always wear bra. Bra should be made of abundant and cotton fabric.

Milk production increases with the emptying of the breasts. Therefore, breastfeed your baby frequently. If your baby does not suck your chest by hand or using a milk pump must be emptied.

While breastfeeding, there may be cracks in the nipples. This is often the result of the baby sucking only the nipple. When you encounter such a problem, keep your baby breastfeeding with the correct technique above, keep your breasts dry. Contact your doctor or nurse.

Feed your baby only breast milk for the first 6 months. In these months, additional nutrients supplied with breast milk reduce intake and frequency of intake and indirectly reduce your milk and prevent breast milk from being used sufficiently. If the disease is hot or the weather is too hot, your baby does not need water or other liquids other than breast milk before six months. (herbal teas, fruit juice, food, etc.)

Do not give your baby a new diet without consulting the doctor with the opinion that breast milk is insufficient. If you need to give another food, learn how to prepare it and pay close attention to cleaning rules.

Feeding times of the baby

Your baby and you will soon establish your own flexible nutrition model, but in general, breastfeeding can be expected 6-8 times for a 24-hour period. Sometimes your baby may want to be fed more often. This is normal, often occurs due to sudden growth and will end in 15-20 days. You will see the interval between feeding times over time.

The milk that comes first in each breastfeeding is the gelen foresight az with less fat. As the baby continues to absorb the milk composition changes, the amount of fat increases. Milk, which contains the most fat, is the secreted milk at the end of breastfeeding. This is called “sonsut Buna. The baby needs both anterior and posterior. If the baby is placed in the breast until it is placed in the breast, satiated and left the breast itself, it takes both anterior and posterior. The second breast may also be given if the baby wants to suck. If two nozzles are given, the next item is started from the last end. Many babies are fed and sleep by sucking one breast in 5-10 minutes. Some babies do not leave the breast before 20- 30 minutes.

How much is enough?

It is normal for your baby to be satisfied, that is to stop breastfeeding when it is saturated and leave your chest. The length of the suction time is variable. When your baby begins to feed, it will absorb quickly and quickly until the first milk flow begins. As breastfeeding progresses, your baby will begin to absorb more slowly and rhythmically. Your baby can calm down and even sleep. This occurs when the finite rich in oil content is reached.

When your baby's weight increases slightly (150-200 grams per week) and your baby gives an alarm between the feeding hours and then calms down significantly, you can understand that it is adequately fed. One of the most important indicators is diapers and you can expect at least 6-7 diaper changes per day. Breast-fed babies can make a small amount of poop after every feeding, this is normal, do not worry. However, babies and sometimes can save up to 3-4 days by collecting their poo. But a well-fed baby will definitely make enough pee and gain weight.

source: https://www.kidschildrenshealth.com/how-should-breastfeeding-mothers-be-fed/ 

Development of Baby's Vision in the womb

It was thought that before the babies were born, their senses were undeveloped and their reactions were purely random and reflex movements. Thanks to ultrasonography and other examination methods, we now know that the baby's five senses begin to develop at the earliest stages of pregnancy and their responses are actually very meaningful.

The most evolving sensory system during life in the womb is seeing. It was observed that the fetus gave strong responses to visual stimuli such as light from this week, when it was not sensitive to visual stimuli  before the 25th week. Eyelid movements also begin in this period. The eyelids of the baby are closed until 26 weeks.

Unlike the sound, the uterus acts as a strong barrier to light transmission and prevents the baby from being affected by light. The baby's eyes are closed until the 26th week, but respond to a strong light source applied on the mother's abdomen. In fact, the uterus is not absolute darkness. Just like the sounds, he spends the light. Therefore, the baby can easily distinguish between day and night.

It is impossible to test the visual function of a baby in the womb. However, when babies born between 28 and 34 weeks of age are examined, the objects of these babies are found in horizontal and vertical plane 31-32. It shows that they can follow from the week. 33-34. If the week, this ability to follow is the same as that of a baby born on time. From week 33, infants' pupils can grow or shrink by responding to light.

Babies in the womb, like us, cannot keep their eyes open in water for a long time. Although the baby does not sleep, it opens and closes its eyes to protect the eyeball. The unborn baby reaches only one percent of the outside light. However, this amount is sufficient for the unborn baby to detect colors and record them in his memory. Especially red tones are better perceived. Infants' weaknesses to red color can be explained in this way. As a result, the fetus is not a less developed creature. On the contrary, from a very early stage, their senses begin to develop and they store information in their memory by recognizing their surroundings. In other words, when the baby is born, unaware of all, a defenseless "" puppy "", but has little experience of stimulants that may be harmful to itself and is born with various memories of fetal life. For this reason, it is useful to apply the stimuli, such as sound, light and touch, to the baby.

What is the anotomic development of the eye in the newborn baby?

In a 30-35-week-old infant, the pupil is small or small. Retinal vein development continues. Therefore, the newborn eye, especially the retina layer is sensitive to external factors.

In premature infants born prematurely, the development of retinal development, especially when exposed to oxygen, may halt or cause new abnormal vessels. This condition is defined as premature retinopathy.

Vascular development of the retina layer continues until 41 weeks. It reaches adult characteristics at the 43st week. However, the central part of the vision center called fovea layer still continues its development after this week.

Is a neonatal baby eye examination necessary?

Early diagnosis and treatment are important in pediatric eye diseases. The development of children's eye tissues continues after birth. In this period, any situation that would prevent vision can cause irreversible losses in vision even when the disease is treated.

These can be cataracts, strabismus, anisometropia, glaucoma, corneal turbidity. Or structural problems such as optic nerve, retina, macular, vascular anomalies and may be a symptom of other systemic diseases. Early diagnosis and treatment is therefore very important in newborn infants.

Unfortunately, in a new-born infant, families may not think that they may have any eye disease, and sometimes pediatricians can skip this issue. However, the eyes of the newborn may be disturbed as the eyes of an adult and often require more immediate treatment than an adult eye condition.

Routine examination, vaccination, hearing test, etc., as well as routine eye examinations for newborn infants are now routinely performed. referring the pediatricians and 1st step health care services to the ophthalmologist during certain control periods will cause us to improve many eyes and healthy babies will help us to develop healthy future.

Frequently Asked Questions:

1- Is there a newborn baby eye examination?

Answer: Of course, children may have eye examination from birth.

2-Question: Do you have eye impairment in children?

Answer: Children may have eye diseases such as adults. These can be cataracts, glaucoma, strabismus, retinal disease, eye tumors, myopia, hyperopia or astigmatism.

3- Question: If there is no problem in the eyes of the child, do you have eye control?

Answer: Yes, children should be subject to eye check. A neonatal infant should undergo an eye examination even if it is not a problem, especially until 12 months of age. Diagnosis and treatment of some eye diseases are very important until the age of two years. The success of these diseases is low when the diagnosis is over 2 years. For this reason, an infant should be evaluated by an ophthalmologist before reaching a maximum age of 2 years.

4-Question: Does the family have a blind eye or a child with no eye disease?

Answer: There are no eye problems in the family and eye disorders in children without a disorder. They may not give symptoms until school age. Sometimes, even in one eye, heavy amblyopia may emerge with lazy eye. Although these conditions cause great confusion and sadness in families, diagnosis before age 9 is very important. Because the lazy eye treatment should be done before the age of 9 years. The smaller the child's age, the higher the success of the treatment. Therefore, early diagnosis is very important.

5-Question: Is it necessary to have an examination in the eyes of the child?

Answer: Hypermetropia is quite common in children. Occasionally, when the eye is accompanied by muscle laziness, there may be difficulty in seeing, tics in eyebrows and eyelids, indifference to classes and failure in exams. Hypermetropia in this period generally decreases as the age of the child grows, and in the following years it will be able to leave the glasses completely.

6-Question: Is watching TV closely spoiled?

Answer: Watching the television is sometimes caused by the habit and the liking of the child. But watching the TV closely does not spoil it. In fact, most of the time the child chooses to watch the television closely, this is caused by the child can not see the television clearly. For this reason, parents should undergo eye diseases examination to test an eye disease and visual impairment if children tend to follow the television closely. As a result, watching the television closely does not disrupt the blind child, the child goes near the television. However, we do not recommend long-term TV viewing for child development.

7-Question: Does wearing glasses blink?

Answer: If we wear the right goggles it won't spoil the eye. Glasses is a tool. It is a device that allows us to see the outside world more clearly. When fitted, the image becomes clear, disrupted when removed. However, some people are not disturbed by the fact that they do not realize what they see less before they see the glasses, but they are uncomfortable when they get used to the glasses and see the clarity that the glasses provide. They refer to this as ler ’my glasses blinked Bunu Bunu.

8-Question: Is it unnecessary to have a glasses examination or to buy new glasses?

Answer: It is absolutely necessary to have an examination every 6 months until the age of 15 years and 15 years after the age of 15 years. As the children are in the growth stage, the eye numbers are also changing frequently. Regular checks are therefore essential. Sometimes we recommend glass renewal even if the glasses number does not change. Because children are very mobile because they are very easy to draw glasses. These scratches can also adversely affect vision and increase eye impairment.

source: https://www.kidschildrenshealth.com/visual-impairment-causes-and-treatment/

Breastfeeding positions

 One of the breastfeeding positions sitting on the lap of the baby on the lap, the baby on the side of the hip to put on the pillow is to breastfeed. The baby's body and legs are supported by the arm. Put your head close to the breast with this hand in this position. It is recommended especially for babies with cesarean section, who have a low birth weight, or who immediately fall asleep while sucking.

The most commonly preferred position is breastfeeding on the lap. The back of the baby's body, the back of the baby, butt and head should be supported with your arm. Hold the baby's face with your nipple facing you. Touch the thumb on your baby's cheek or lips by holding your nipple with your free fingers and your thumb down. When the nipple touches the baby's cheek or mouth, the baby opens his mouth with a search reflex. As soon as you open your mouth, push the baby's head towards your nipples. The important thing here is not to move the breast to the baby, but to bring the baby's head towards the breast. Baby, the nipple between the lips adheres to the breast. The normal suction mechanism includes;

* At least 4-6 cm part of the nipple and the dark part of the nipple is started to be sucked.

* First unsaturated fast suction and first milk discharge by stimulating the nipple,

* Vacuum creation by tightening the nipple on the palate with the help of tongue and gums,

* Approximately once a second, slow suction-swallowing rhythm of milk in the milk channel to create a discharge.

Golden rules of breastfeeding

* While you are sucking the baby, the entire nipple and the dark part around the nipple should be inside the baby's mouth.

* Select the positions that the baby can breathe easily through the nose during breastfeeding. When sucking the baby, make sure that the nostrils are not covered by the breast.

* Increase your daily fluid intake. Try to be balanced.

* Clean your nipples with water alone. Keep your nipples open frequently. So that you can contact with air and let them dry.

* If your baby receives enough milk, it should be wetted 5-6 times a day. Whether or not breast milk is adequate is followed by the baby's weight gain.

* Try to sleep and relax as much as possible.

What should be the baby's mouth posture?

The baby should come to the eye with the mother as she leans against the chest to breastfeed. Because the mother can show her baby how much to mouth. After a while, the baby learns how to open his mouth. One of the most common problems is that the baby opens his mouth so that he hurts the mother. At this point, the skin begins to be irritated and bruises and swellings occur while the breastfeeding continues. Sometimes even these injuries can cause bleeding of the chest. In order to prevent this, the baby must first take a larger part of the chest, not just the chest. Thus, the risk of injury is minimized.

Another important point is that the tongue of the baby should be below the chest head during suction. Because the tongue prevents the pain by making the chest air impact. In addition, the rhythmic pressure of the tongue allows the breast to flow more freely from the chest, so that the baby does not need more suppression or stronger suction. For this reason, the mother should place her mouth correctly and help her adjust her tongue.

Posture to the abdomen:

The biggest mistake made by mothers is that they keep the baby in the wrong position. During breastfeeding it is wrong to bend slightly to the baby and forward. A position should be taken with the baby in the abdomen. In other words, the mother should sit comfortably and bring her tummy to her tummy area. Thus the baby reaches the chest area very comfortably. The child who grasps the chest does not have to press on the top and bottom with his chin. So your mother won't hurt. It is important for the baby to know that milk can come from various regions. If it only concentrates on one area, after a while the milk may be reduced or even cut off. The mother with a classical breastfeeding position and a cradle position lying on the abdomen, should grasp the baby on the back, but the mother's arm must be supported with a pillow or seat edge. If the mother arm gets support, the baby's angle never changes and so breastfeeding is easier. In addition, the mother should never hold the baby by the head. Because the mother's hand can change the baby's pressing power. This can lead to a reduction of milk.

Cream after breastfeeding

When the baby is first born, the mother should open her mouth and set an example for the baby and ensure that the baby knows about it. After a while, the baby, the mouth of the head is not worth the value of the opening movement itself becomes. As the baby knows the congenital vacuuming process, it does not have any difficulty during suction. Breastfeeding should be paused for 14 hours when there is bruising. Because if breastfeeding is done again, the chest will be irritated and bleeding may occur. If the pain still persists, it is better to wait more than 14 hours. Using normal creams on damaged, cracked breasts is not very effective. Therefore, it is necessary to choose creams which have a very high fat content and which do not contain caustic substances. Because the breast dries after breastfeeding, and if this dryness persists cracks occur. Breastfeeding resembling a feeding bottle tip can be used for breastfeeding. There are two reasons that cause swelling of the chest: the first is the infection caused by the infection of the breast. The second reason is that the baby cannot drink the milk completely. When the milk cannot be discharged, hardening occurs at a certain point.

Things to consider in the baby's suction technique:

Look into the mouth by pulling down the lower lip as you suck the baby. The tongue should be between the two lips and on the tongue. If this is not the case, the baby is probably absorbing its own tongue. Gently press down on your jaw with your index finger and push down, with a finger, place the nipple over the baby's tongue and continue breastfeeding. Continue the operation until the baby is right.

If the baby absorbs the lower lip with the breast, straighten the lower lip, or end the breastfeeding and start again.

If the tip of the nipple is down, press the nipple over the nipple so that the baby can enter straight into the mouth.

If the baby is doing chewing movements with his jaw while sucking, you need to press down with your index finger and his chin until he stops chewing.

After you have washed your hands thoroughly to check the baby's sucking, you must place your index finger in the baby's mouth with the nail part touching the baby's tongue.

If the baby sucks well, you will feel your heart sucked in rhythmic movements by grasping the tongue between the tongue and the soft palate and pulling your finger towards the back of the throat.

If the baby is so excited, he may miss the breast often. You need to relax the baby.

If the baby swallows breast milk too quickly, it may swallow too much air. In this case, the gas must be removed more frequently in order to make room for the stomach.

Some babies cry when breastfeeding begins, if milk doesn't come immediately. In these infants, it is useful to empty some milk by hand while sucking.

source: https://www.kidschildrenshealth.com/benefits-of-breastfeeding/

Eye Health in Children

One of the most effective conditions in school success in children is eye disorders.  Difficulties in working closely with hypermetropia are difficulties in reading, skipping when reading, fatigue in long studies and unwillingness to work. In astigmatism disorders, the focusing difficulty is close and distant, while long-term reading can make headaches.

In myopia disease, there is no disturbance in close study, but distant vision is disturbed disturbingly and problems arise due to inability to see the board.

Hyperopia is seen more frequently in pre-school children and myopia diseases are being observed more frequently since school age. This is due to the increase in the number of recent studies with the school age. However, in recent years, the use of computers and even small screens on tablets and phones are frequently used, myopia starts at a much earlier age and progress is faster.

Astigmatism disorders are frequently of interest to the eye structure and have genetic characteristics. Astigmatism disorders generally do not show much increase with age, but the increase in numbers during adolescence is stimulating about other diseases.

With advances in technology, eye disorders are observed more frequently and at an earlier age. Here, long-term close focuses accelerate myopia development.

They have difficulty in expressing what children do not. And eye treatments remain incomplete, and failures in lessons appear as though learning difficulties exist.

Therefore, children should have eye control every year from 1 year of age. In the presence of the disease, the control periods are more frequent and repeat examination is required every 6 months. Because children are in a continuous cycle of growth, their eye numbers frequently change. And if the child uses the wrong and inadequate glasses due to the delay of the examination, this can cause harm instead of benefit. For this reason, we recommend that children who do not have any discomfort will have a 1-year examination and more frequent 6-month examination. These periods are valid for children up to 15 years of age.

When should the first eye examination be performed in infants?

Does your baby see it? How healthy are his eyes?

When babies don't see it, they may be more irritable or unresponsive. From the outside, everything looks normal. However, it must be examined by an Ophthalmologist. It is very important to perform the first examination within the first 6 months. There are many diseases that can be seen in adults in our infants who do not have any disease. Cataract and glaucoma diseases are just a few of them t

Early diagnosis saves lives, early diagnosis and treatment of early eye diseases opens the doors of a new life.

We strongly recommend that you take your newborn baby to the ophthalmological examination once within the first 6 months even if there is no problem. An invisible eye cannot learn and remains lazy. Many babies that we have diagnosed and treated in the early period can now see. Babies cannot tell what they have not seen;

Thanks to advanced devices, we can easily detect the presence of astigmatism and even the presence of minimal slip in the 1 month baby. Moreover, we do not touch it, do not frighten it, without a drop, and we have fun during the examination.

In the first 6 months, we recommend to have an eye examination once a year until 9 years old. 2. We do not offer annual control to our families 2. We offer examinations at the age of 2.5 years and their third examinations are around 5 years of age.

Causes eye shift in infants? Is eye shifting important in infants?

What are the treatments?

Infant eye shift is a very important situation. Usually blind eye moves. If an eye deterioration occurs especially in early childhood, it is usually a shift in that eye. This situation can sometimes be stimulating and beneficial for families and early treatment.

High hypermetropia is the leading cause of eye slippage in infancy. And in the eye that fails to focus the two eyes together develops slip. This results in lethargy. Occasionally, slip may be in one eye and in some cases in both eyes. In general, the eye that is better seen is preferred.

Newborn cataracts can be recognized by the white reflex they usually produce before shifting, but may lead to slippage in the advanced periods when the diagnosis is not made.

Another issue is the problems behind the eye. Eye tumors in these areas occupy an important place. Eye tumors in children can be rapid onset and cause white reflex in eyes. Especially when the red reflection in the pupil encountered in the photo shoot is normal, white refle is considered to be an abnormal condition.

It is the first reason to determine the cause of slippage treatments in infants. First of all, the problem can be improved when we eliminate the cause, but in babies this situation can cause a troublesome process.

Investments in children are very important in terms of eye diseases until the first 9 years. Many diseases that cannot be cured during this period cannot be cured at advanced ages and may cause functional disabilities.

1- When should the first examination in children be?

A: The work inspection should be within 6 months.

2- How is the eye examination done in infants? Are there special machines for babies?

C. Baby-specific examination devices are available. In this way, without touching the baby without making her afraid we can do measurements. We can even control astigmatic micro-eye shifts.

3-What are the diseases in infants and children?

A: All kinds of diseases we encounter in adults can be in infants and children. Conjunctivitis, cataract, glaucoma, myopia, astigmatism, hypermetropia, tear duct obstruction, eye tumors and many other diseases can be found in infants and children.

4- How to understand the eye problem of the baby and the child?

A: Eye problems cannot be understood in infants and children without external examination. Some diseases may cause eye problems. This is actually a stimulating condition. And it gives the chance of early treatment. Most of the time, however, no symptoms. A child cannot understand and cannot tell. One child who can see one eye cannot realize that he has seen less of an eye.

5. Is it important to make early diagnosis of pediatric eye diseases?

Early diagnosis of infant and child with early diagnosis of eye disorders can save seeing.

6-When should a baby with cataracts in the eye be operated?

Cataract surgery should be performed as soon as possible to prevent cataract.

7. Should a child with a gliding eye have surgery?

When a child shifts to the eye, the cause of the disease should be investigated. The problem causing slippage is mostly hypermetropia and amblyopia. In this case, first of all glasses and eye laziness should be treated. Surgical operation can be considered if there is still one amount of slip after the ophthalmic treatment.

source: https://www.kidschildrenshealth.com/ensuring-eye-safety-in-kids/

13-15 Months Child Development

Baby talking

Most infants are walking or staggering during this period. Be patient if your baby is more on the brink of walking or the furniture runs around. As human beings, we are creatures programmed to stand upright. Without saying be Bring the camera ver, your baby may be ignoring and evaluating these few precious steps.

Some children do not walk until 18 months of age (or even later). It is necessary to respect the baby's unique development  . Consult your doctor if you are concerned, he can make an assessment of the baby's motor skills. Here again, our advice is to enjoy this time. There won't be much time for you to pursue your small goal. It could be helpful to give an unbearable toy like a pull cart to help walkers.

Changes in body and eating habits

Your baby will observe a change in his body rather active. He'il lose the great fat on his legs and arms. Sometimes it's very hungry when you don't want to eat. When you take your child to a review, you have a high chance of observing your weight gain at a slower rate. In a short time, he will show you that he is not the dwarf doll you want to take on your lap. But in the midst of collecting energy and energy, he will ask for your arms.

When your toddler is curious to eat, give him a spoon. She may wonder what happens when she throws the spoon, she may even want to discomfort you by using her fingers. Polluting is a common phenomenon at this stage. Use a large baby bib and put a wide cover under the dining chair so you can avoid dirt. If you're eating outside, you can remove the large white restaurant cover.

Expressive language

The toddler's dictionary contains a few words in his dictionary, but it is very evident to develop rapidly. (Except mom and dad) often the first words truck, car, book, duck, dog etc. for things that are of interest. It is very important that you repeat these words to your baby. Your baby is memorizing this word is memorized next to how it is said and gives him praise of pride and success. It's also very nice to hear the new walker speak.

One of the most important tools for language development is still books. Take your baby's books. You can learn more about what you think you know about vehicles used in construction or animals in a zoo. She may ask you to read the same book over and over again until she memorizes it.

RANGE OF MONTHS

Developing self-confidence

For him, a recreational activity is now to help you with the tasks he can handle. If he asks you to read a book, ask him to go pick a book and bring it to you. Or if your hands are full and you drop something easy to hold (like stockings), ask him to pick you up. When you see that you laugh and say dü thank you büyük for your help, you will feel a great success. This is an amazing thing that builds relationships with parents at an early age and that lay the foundations for self-confidence and self-awareness.

"No!"

Parents would be surprised when they first noticed their baby saying the word as early as when they were thirteen months old. They ask themselves, "Isn't this the word of two years?" But as your baby staggering becomes aware of itself as an independent person, he is resorting to the means of reinforcing his independence. You can say “no“ to every question you ask almost. This will also pass.

You can offer him preferences rather than asking yes / no questions. For example, ay Do you want fruit juice with your cake, drink water? ”But be clear and do not ask the question of preference while there is no preference.

At the same time, we can model it in our own reaction. Avoiding to say no to children can be very difficult, especially when they force our patience. However, the children generally do not have much benefit from what they perceive as yes. Consider ways to change your attitude, if possible. For example, you can try a positive approach ım Honey, the balls are for throwing out. You can roll them inside. Ir Of course, if the child is about to do something dangerous, it is necessary to intervene quickly to stop this behavior. So no, you can use it for emergencies.

Fangs

The teeth of the fifteen months - which may hang until the nineteenth month - may be a source of discomfort for your newborn, and even a couple of nights without sleep. These are the double ends of the large teeth above and below. You probably know how to support your new toddler baby from previous teeth. Some parents may try rubbing the gums or putting cold tooth rings or tooth biscuits in order to relieve discomfort. If these techniques do not apply, consult with your doctor about the methods of supporting the tooth-removing child - including commercially available painkillers.

THE FIFTY MONTH

Brushing teeth

Your doctor may tell you about the importance of a healthy oral hygiene in your child's 15th month appointment. It is also important to develop routine habits at home on the child's dental health. Select a toothbrush especially for small mouths. If your child rejects the toothbrush, at least try rubbing the gums with a gauze or a cleaning cloth. Use only warm water this time, wait until your child learn to shake and spit to use toothpaste.

It is not uncommon for newcomers to refuse tooth brushing. There are some strategies for achieving tooth brushing success. Remember that now many issues are focused on control. Have your child choose a one or two-toothbrush for your child. And keep them looking. You will want to know more about the stuff that is inserted into the mouth. Encourage him to brush his teeth as part of routine activities every morning and evening (even at noon if you are curious). Have the toothbrush put under the tap and then brush the tooth. It will take some time, but you will get used to it. If he doesn't hold the brush, you brush his teeth but if he does, let him give you a signal (a low-pitched voice). In this way he will notice that the toothbrush is in control of the process. Finally, have her see you and your family members brush their teeth. Giving you a good oral hygiene example you will like to imitate you.

Television and babies

Television is not a good baby sitter. Most young children of this age like to spend time with other things. Watching TV doesn't provide your child with the muscle training he needs. It doesn't give him the chance to research and become an active learner. If you don't watch television with him, he'il be alone. Some families prefer to watch their television to keep their children quiet, and they are addictive. Even as they grow older, they sit and watch television for hours. More than that, it keeps them from playing and making friends. Do the new walker a favor and turn off the TV except for certain special programs.

Watch out for poisonings!

Intoxications generally occur when children are small and laboring. They are curious about things during this period but they have not learned what can be harmful. Many gardens and house plants can be poisonous if they are eaten. Some plants cause vomiting, others may cause changes in the child's heartbeat, body temperature, and bowel movements. Get to know the plants inside and around your home. Pay attention to the plants with hairy leaves, milky or soda water or spiny leaves, berries and seeds.

Therefore, you need to make occasional safety checks at home. Take care that everything harmful is locked or away from transport. When the beginners learn to climb, they can open the cabinets they had never been able to reach. Keep emergency numbers at hand. Keep the phone numbers of the nearest poisoning control center, doctor and other emergency services close to your phone. If your child is to be subject to an emergency response, be sure to take your child's box of medicine with you to the doctor or hospital. When you go to the doctor, you can ask for the information about what time you could have drunk the medicine, how much you had in the box.

source: https://www.kidschildrenshealth.com/development-baby/

Viral Infections in Children

 Rash diseases are usually feverish, contagious and most viral diseases, usually seen in children with red colored different scales. There are 6 common rashes seen in children. Of these, only red bacteria occur, all other rash diseases are viral. The distribution of the rash in the body varies according to the disease. Those who do not have a childhood disease are usually more severe if they have an adult age, and the risk of complications is higher.

Measles

It is a viral infection that causes significant red spots on the whole body. In the early and late period, many serious diseases and disability can lead to complications such as death. The disease, which has been declining with intensive vaccination programs, started to make small outbreaks again between 2011-2013.

Rubella

Or the German measles is similar to that of measles because it is a viral infection, causing redness and fever. However, there are no preliminary symptoms like colds. Swelling of the lymph nodes in the back of the head and in the ear in the neck area is a specific finding for this disease. Unprecedented girls may have a child with disabilities if they become ill when they become pregnant.

Chicken pox

It is a very infectious, febrile and rash viral infectious disease, most commonly seen in the late-winter and winter months. It is transmitted by direct contact or by the secretions of sick people from the air. Symptoms begin 14-22 days after contact with the patient. One-third of the cases are fever. Rashes begin in the form of red blisters, within 1 to 2 hours as if they were blown, they become bubbles filled with water, then this liquid becomes blurred, the last is crusting. Spills start from the trunk, then spread to the head and face, and more rarely in the limbs. A typical symptom is the simultaneous occurrence of the rash in 3-4 different stages. The final rash is infectious for about 7 days until it is crusted. With the increasing number of vaccines in recent years, the disease has started to be seen more and more rarely, the ones who are vaccinated can have the disease very light, sometimes with unremarkable 2-3 light rashes.

For the diagnosis and treatment of chickenpox  you can read my article Water Flower.

5. Disease

It is one of the viral rash diseases of childhood. Its effect is Parvovirus B19. It is called Erythema infectiosum in medicine. It causes disease in children over 5 years old. No vaccination. It is not very contagious and often without danger. Approximately 5 to 15 days after contact with the patient, a typical rash appears on the face with a slapped cheek image. Take the rash and spread to the jaw, but the mouth will remain pale. 1- 2 days later on the arms, legs and trunk this time lace-like and itchy rash comes out there. This rash goes off after 3 weeks. During this time, the hot bath, sun, friction, etc. may become evident. 3 - 4 days after the onset of the facial rash may be mild fever.

6. Disease

This disease, also called Roseola inafantum, is an infection caused by Herpes virus type 6. It is usually seen in children aged 6 months to 3 years. It occurs 9-10 days after contact with the patient, and the infection is caused by airway secretions. The typical symptom of the disease is a high fever of no more than 39-40 degrees. Generally, there is no reason such as throat-ear-urinary tract inflammation, meningitis etc. that may cause this fever in the medical examination. After 3-4 days, the fever suddenly drops and a red rash emerges on the trunk and later on the arm-legs and face. The diagnosis can usually be made after the rash has occurred. No vaccination.

source: https://www.kidschildrenshealth.com/chickenpox-varicella/